The Analog communications course provides comprehensive, hands-on instruction in the terminology, principles and applications of analog communications. In this course, students receive hands-on circuit training and acquire skills to measure radio signals with an oscilloscope. Students also learn the functions of oscillators, filters, amplifiers, LC networks, modulators, limiters, mixers, and Detectors in communication circuits. Lab Analog Communication Trainer is a very versatile and completely self-contained laboratory instrument built in regulated power supply with short circuit protection. This trainer consists of the following fundamental logic gates:

• Amplitude modulation (AM) Transmitter and single-sideband (SSB) Transmitter
• Amplitude Modulation (AM) Receiver and single-sideband (SSB) receiver with Automatic gain control
• Frequency Modulator (FM) (high and low bands)
• Phase Modulator (PM)
• Quadrature detector (demodulation)
• Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) circuit
• Phase-Locked Loop FM Detector
  
   

  1.	Patching Connections:	4mm.  The Terminals are provided for Patching.
  2.	Power:	230V AC/50Hz.
  3.	Dimension:	41.5cmsx31.5cms x13.5cms.
  4.	Weight:	750gms.
  5.	Accessories:	i) Instruction Manual. ii) Set of patch cord.
  6.	Housing:	Housed in a sloping fiber/ cabinet with top lid for protection.

  
  Technical Specifications:

  
  1.    RF Oscillator: Sine output
           i. Frequency: 2KHz to 20KHz, 20KHz to 200KHz.
           ii. Amplitude: (0-10)V variable
  2.    AF Oscillator: Microphone with built in amplifier is provided.
  3.    Low pass filter: 2nd order Butter worth low pass filter is provided.
  4.    Loud speaker: 3" Loudspeaker with build in power amplifier is provided.
  5.    DC Power supply: +12V / 500mA, 5V / 500mA
  6.    Mains: 230V AC mains provided.

Introduction:
This trainer is a single glass epoxy printed circuit board with legends neatly screen printed in multi colour on the front side and all the components are soldered back side of the PCB to avoid tampering of fixed components like resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes, and variable components like potentiometers are mounted on the front side of the PCB for making linear measurements.

Objectives:

1. Understanding the principles of digital mobile communication system.
2. MCT Trainer is developed to educate the trainees to understand the basic principles of digital mobile communication system, in steps of theory, design, and practice.

Features:
1. Signal waveform analysis is easily done by built-in measurement functions.
2. System block diagram, design and analysis points are displayed in the panel.
3. Test point being analyzed is provided in the trainer.
4. Fault inducing switches are provided with the trainer.

Experiments:
1. Working principles of GSM Mobile communication trainer.
2. Study of faults that normally occur.
3. Study of waveforms.

Technical Specifications:

Power: 230V mains operated
Accessories: Charger, GSM Mobile phone are provided
Dimensions: 53 cms X 47 cms X 20 cms
Weight: 1 Kg (Approx.)

Introduction:
The LAB Advanced Radar Training System offers Model ARTS realistic classroom training, in radar techniques, enabling instructors and students to study the principles involved in pulse radar systems. The system is designed with low power for safe operation.

The system is provided with three targets, which are simultaneously tracked to an operating range of 2 to 10mtrs (approx.). The radar training system detects the targets when they approach or leave the scanned area at different speeds, from selected ranges (cms to kms), and at different azimuth settings (0° -360° ).

This Advanced Radar Training system (ARTS) operates over a short range of 2-10 mtrs (approx.), providing instruction and observation of all phases of the radar system operation. This trainer is unlike commercial or military radar systems which do not make effective basic trainers, since they use higher radiated power AC voltages (which are dangerous) and targets that are not within visual range. The Trainer operates on 10.5GHz and uses a Horn antenna system. It consists of a microwave transceiver and a stepper motor. A slow-scan antenna scans the laboratory for targets, which move electronically at different speeds with the help of Stepper motor. The PC software controls the antenna rotation speed.

The targets are individually identified on the Plan Position Indicator using LAB-Radar 3.0 Software in PC, with quadrant arcs and range markers in meters or kilometers. The range display is switch-selectable for far-out or close-in viewing.

The comprehensive laboratory manual includes the study of radar-type electronic circuits.

Consists of:

Radar signal processing unit – 1 no.
Stepper motor unit – 1no.
RF Transceiver – 1no.
Function Generator – 1no.
LAB-Radar 1.0 Software CD – 1no.
Shielded Cables – 1 set.
Instruction manual – 1set.
Artificial Targets – 1 set.
Features:

Incorporates Technologically Advanced Integrated Transmitter and Receiver
Scans, Calculates, and Displays Range and Azimuth Measurements.
Horn Antenna with rotating base. (Stepper motor)
Demonstrates and Teaches Moving Target Concepts.
LAB-Radar 3.0 Software is provided with the trainer for real time measurement in the PC.
High speed Data Acquisition card is provided with the trainer (in-built).
Hand Gloves and Shielded cables are provided to avoid ESD.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS THAT CAN BE CONDUCTED ON THE TRAINER:
Introduction to the Experimental Radar System.
Study of FM Doppler radar System, outputs can be observed in the CRO.
Study of Radar Display Methods on computer (PPI Method).
Study of Transmitter and Receiver.
Study of reflections from artificial targets, outputs can be observed in the CRO.
Study of measurement of distance of a stationary target, outputs can be observed in the CRO.
Study of measurement of Azimuth angle, velocity of a moving target, outputs can be observed in the CRO.
SPECIFICATIONS OF ADVANCED RADAR TRAINING SYSYTEMS

EQUIPMENT INCLUDED:
RF Source : 10.5GHz.
Type : Integrated Transmitter/ Receiver.
Band : X – Band.
Output Power : 10 milli watts.
Tuning : Electronic Tuning 40MHz.
Operating Voltage : +8 to +10VDC.
Operating Current : 200mA.
Normal Sensitivity : -110dBc.
 

HORN ANTENNA:
Type : Horn Antenna.
Band : X-Band.
Bandwidth : 10.5GHz.
E-Plane : 70° .
H-Plane : 30° .

ARTIFICIAL TARGETS:

3 Targets;

Aluminium.
Wooden.
Plastic.
Tripod Stand : 1No.
Range : 2meters to 10meters.
Function Generator (Included)
High quality Function generator with digital read out is provided along with the ARTS.

Introduction:

Lab Satellite Receiver Trainer is based on a modern and complete satellite receiver system consists of an external unit including: parabolic antenna, driven positioner, polarizer and LNB converter. This trainer is mounted in a sleek Anodized Aluminium cabinet defining a compact and functional set indicating the Block diagram of satellite Receiver in multicolour. Test points are provided on an easily accessible panel; the fault simulators are also provided in this trainer. The following objectives are explained in this trainer for the students to understand the complete working principles of satellite receiver system.

Where it is useful
Why it is used
Reason of using high frequency for communications via Satellite
Parts of dish antenna
LNB mounting arrangement
Faults due to dish antenna, co-axial cable, LNB
Assembling the dish antenna Alignment of dish antenna
Receiver circuit description. The block diagram of the Satellite Communication Receiver is printed on the front panel of the trainer. All necessary test points are provided to observe various signals at different stages. Controls like Vision IF, gain control, and volume control are provided on the trainer.

Training Program:
Direct TV signal broadcasting via satellite:orbital path, geostationary satellites, emitted power, covering map, transmission standard, coding systems.
Functional diagram of a reception for TV satellites
Components characteristics: parabolic antenna, illuminator, polarizer, LNB converter, motor-driven positioner, indoor unit, and positioner control
Mounting and tracking of the parabolic antenna: "Azimuth-Elevation" mounting and "Polar" mounting
Motor-driven positioner regulation
Mounting and regulation of the circular and linear (horizontal and vertical) polarizer
Mounting and tracking of the reception converter
Tracking adjustment and memorization of satellite position
Characteristics of the signal converted to intermediate frequency
Audio/video decoders operation: wave-from analysis
Video decoder programming
Audio decoder programming

Technical Specifications External Unit:
Parabolic Antenna: polar mounting, 1.2 to 3.7m diameter(*), base mounted on self-holding structure
Low noise converter
Polarizer
Positioner
Cables 50m for IF and control Positioner and polarizer
Dimensions: L=parabola diameter, H=1m + parabola ray Indoor unit
Digital Satellite Receiver outputs: video, audio, RF
Antenna Positioner control
Structure: compact box with liftable cover with all the electronic parts, the test points, the fault simulator; and the block diagram of the circuit
Fault simulator: various faults insertable by means of switches
Test points; various test points mounted on panel and directly connected to the circuits of the equipment
Power supply: 230 VAC, 50 Hz MAINS OPERATED.
Dimensions: 82cms x 19cms x 48cms
10 Feet Dish Antenna
Weight: 75 Kgs (approximately)
Included Accessories:
Theoretical-experimental tests
Inclinometer, colour TV monitor with remote control, compass, power cord
Detailed step by step Instruction Manual
DB meter